Most accidents inlaser related activities are caused by deficiencies in the electrical systems. Some of these includes uncovered and/or non-insulated terminals, absence of functioning lights (power ON-OFF), and defective outlet receptacles lacking proper grounding. A crowded workplace also may present a problem. A number of potentially energized components and grounded structures presents a high potential for an accidental shock. The intended application of the laser equipment requires specific electrical installation and connection to the power supply. All equipment shall be installed in accordance with the National Electric Code and the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

The primary hazard associated with laser radiation is exposure to the eye. Ocular hazards represent a potential for injury to several different structures of the eye, depending upon which structure absorbs the most radiant energy per volume of tissue. This is more important in the visible and near infrared spectral regions because retinal effects are possible in this range. There are, however, other serious potential hazards in other spectral regions. Photochemical processes are usually involved in the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the retina, since the retina is the structure of the eye that absorbs the light. It contains the neural receptors which initiate the vision process. The fovea is the portion of the retina most sensitive to detail and which discriminates color. The location of energy absorption in the eye determines the gravity of a retinal injury. An injury to the fovea will severely reduce ability to resolve visual detail. Permanent blindness can result from a laser exposure lasting only a fraction of a second. Phototoxic and photosensitizing drugs or chemicals may greatly enhance the effects of lasers operating in the ultraviolet and/or visible wavelength regions.

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